Transition from Engineer-to-Order (EtO) to Assembly-to-Order (AtO) in Civil Infrastructure Projects: An Exploration of the Highways Supply Chain

Modular and offsite construction (O/M) has been on the agenda of the construction industry to improve its overall performance for some time. However, the existing body of research on O/M focuses mostly on the housing and building sector. This paper explores O/M in civil infrastructure projects as part of efforts associated with likening the Engineer-to-Order (EtO) construction industry to Assembly-to-Order (AtO) industries. By studying four highways construction projects in the UK as cases and collecting expert opinions, the current O/M condition is explored and a set of barriers and opportunities for O/M in the highways supply chain is presented