Glucose-Derived Palladium(0) Nanoparticles as in Situ-Formed Catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions in Isopropanol.

Effective and convenient protocols using renewable sugar-derived palladium(0) nanoparticles (PdNPs) as in situ-formed catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in isopropanol under thermal and microwave heating conditions have been developed. The addn. of a small amt. of glucose (5 mol %) to the reaction mixt. lead to an increase in yield of the cross-coupled products compared to control expts. that omitted glucose. The size and morphol. of the in situ-formed PdNPs were detd. by TEM, and further EF-TEM anal. showed a hydrophilic hydroxylated shell around the individual palladium particles. The polar/hydrophilic nature of the nanoparticles allowed for their facile removal from the cross-coupled product, and a significant decrease in the amt. of palladium incorporated into the final product was obsd., as measured by ICP-MS anal. [on SciFinder(R)]