Framing 'men in and out of feminism'

This article addresses some aspects of the “Man Question” in feminism, by way of the analysis of men’s diverse gender-conscious positionings in relation to gender, gender equality and feminism. It builds on earlier work, making use of theoretical models in feminist literature combined with the micro-sociological concept of passing. Consideration is also given to men’s non-gender-conscious positionings. The article is primarily concerned with the theoretical and empirical complexities, contradictions and ambiguities of men’s positionings, as when they are self-defined as “feminists” (or similar identifications) in radical or deconstructive ways. In this, a Swedish interview data is used. Sweden is considered particularly interesting, with a qualified societal consensus on gender equality and a broadly positive place accorded to men’s relations with feminism. The authors argue in the final section that there is a need to further dialogue between analyses of men/masculinities and the multidimensionality of feminisms, as well as a need for more empirical studies of men’s different (pro)feminist positionings in order to elaborate the theoretical implications of different social contexts. The framing presented seeks to provide greater possibilities for such complex, nuanced and situated understandings of men’s relation to feminism, theoretically, analytically and politically.