Davis, Andrew M., Proctor, Philip and Page, Michael I. (1991) Alcohol-catalysed hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2 (8). pp. 1213-1217. ISSN 1472-779X
Abstract

The hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin is catalysed by alkoxide ions and other oxygen bases. Catalysis occurs by a nucleophilic pathway and the intermediate ester can be detected in some cases. The Brønsted nuc for alkoxide ions is 0.97, and is compatible with rate-limiting ring opening of the -lactam. A solvent isotope effect of 3.2 for the trifluoroethanol-catalysed reaction suggests protonation by water occurs to the departing -lactam nitrogen. Penicillin is not a particularly effective acylating agent of alcohols

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