| References: | 1. Fre`re, J. M. (1995) Beta-lactamases and bacterial resistance to antibiotics, Mol. Microbiol. 16, 385-395. 2. Wang, Z., Fast, W., Valentine, A. M., and Benkovic, S. J. (1999) Metallo-â-lactamase: structure and function, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3, 614-622. 3. Laraki, N., Franceschini, N., Rossolini, G. M., Santucci, P., Meunier, C., de Pauw, E., Amicosante, G., Fre`re, J. M., and Galleni, M. (1999) Biochemical characterisation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 101/1477 metallo-â-lactamase IMP-1 produced by Escherichia coli, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 902- 906; Payne, D. J. (1993) Metallo-beta-lactamasessa new therapeutic challenge, J. Med. Microbiol. 39, 93-99. 4. Galleni, M., Lamotte-Brasseur, J., Rossolini, G. M., Spencer, J., Dideberg, O., and Fre`re, J. M. (2001) Standard numbering scheme for class B â-lactamases, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 660- 663. 5. Fabiane, S. M., Sohi, M. K., Wan, T., Payne, D. J., Bateson, J. H., Mitchell, T., and Sutton, B. J. (1998) Crystal structure of the zinc-dependent â-lactamase from Bacillus cereus at 1.9 Å resolution: binuclear active site with features of a mononuclear enzyme, Biochemistry 37, 12404-12411. 6. Orellano, E. G., Girardini, J. E., Cricco, J. A., Ceccarelli, E. A., and Vila, A. J. (1998) Spectroscopic characterization of a binuclear metal site in Bacillus cereus â-lactamase II, Biochemistry 37, 10173-10180; Paul-Soto, R., Bauer, R., Fre`re, J. M., Galleni, M., Meyer-Klaucke, W., Nolting, H., Rossolini, G. M., de Seny, D., Hernandez-Valladares, M., Zeppezauer, M., and Adolph, H. W. (1999) Mono- and binuclear Zn2+-beta-lactamase. Role of the conserved cysteine in the catalytic mechanism, J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13242-13249. 7. Concha, N. O., Rasmussen, B. A., Bush, K., and Herzberg, O. (1996) Crystal structure of the wide-spectrum binuclear zinc â-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis, Structure 4, 823-836. 8. Paul-Soto, R., Hernadez-Valladares, M., Galleni, M., Bauer, R., Zeppezauer, M., Fre`re, J. M., and Adolph, H. W. (1998) Monoand binuclear Zn-beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis: catalytic and structural roles of the zinc ions, FEBS Lett. 438, 137- 140; Yang, Y., Keeney, D., Tang, X., Canfield, N., and Rasmussen, B. A. (1999) Kinetic properties and metal content of the metallo-â-lactamase CcrA harboring selective amino acid substitutions, J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15706-15711. 9. Wang, Z., Fast, W., and Benkovic, S. J. (1999) On the mechanism of the Bacteroides fragilis metallo-â-lactamase, Biochemistry 38, 10013-10023. 10. Laraki, N., Franceschini, N., Rossolini, G. M., Santucci, P., Meunier, C., de Pauw, E., Amicosante, G., Fre`re, J. M., and Galleni, M. (1999) Biochemical characterisation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 101/1477 metallo-â-lactamase IMP-1 produced by Escherichia coli, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 902- 906; Haruta, S., Yamaguchi, H., Yamamoto, E. T., Eriguchi, Y., Nukaga, M., O’Hara, K., and Sawai, T. (2000) Functional analysis of the active site of a metallo-â-lactamase proliferating in Japan, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 2304-2309. 11. Concha, N. O., Janson, C. A., Rowling, P., Pearson, S., Cheever, C. A., Clarke, B. P., Lewis, C., Galleni, M., Fre`re, J. M., Payne, D. J., Bateson, J. H., and Abdel-Meguid, S. S. (2000) Crystal structure of the IMP-1 metallo â-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its complex with a mercaptocarboxylate inhibi-tor: binding determinants of a potent, broad-spectrum inhibitor, Biochemistry 39, 4288-4298. 12. Hernandez Valladares, M., Felici, A., Weber, G., Adolph, H. W., Zeppezauer, M., Rossolini, G. M., Amicosante, G., Fre`re, J. M., and Galleni, M. (1997) Zn(II) dependence of the Aeromonas hydrophila AE036 metallo-â-lactamase activity and stability, Biochemistry 36, 11534-11541. 13. Crowder, M. W., Walsh, T. R., Banovic, L., Pettit, M., and Spencer, J. (1998) Overexpression, purification, and characterization of the cloned metallo-â-lactamase (L1) from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 921-926. 14. Mercuri, P. S., Bouillenne, F., Boschi, L., Lamotte-Brasseur, J., Amicosante, G., Devreese, B., van Beeumen, J., Fre`re, J. M., Rossolini, G. M., and Galleni, M. (2001) Biochemical characterization of the FEZ-1 metallo-â-lactamase of Legionella gormanii ATCC 33297T produced in Escherichia coli, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1254-1262. 15. Carfi, A., Duee, E., Galleni, M., Fre`re, J. M., and Dideberg, O. (1998) 1.85 Å resolution structure of the zinc(II) â-lactamase from Bacillus cereus, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 54, 313-323. 16. Carfi, A., Duee, E., Paul-Soto, R., Galleni, M., Fre`re, J. M., and Dideberg, O. (1998) X-ray structure of the ZnII â-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis in an orthorhombic crystal form, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D: Biol. Crystallogr. 54, 45-57. 17. Ullah, J. H., Walsh, T. R., Taylor, I. A., Emery, D. C., Verma, C. S., Gamblin, S. J., and Spencer, J. (1998) The crystal structure of the L1 metallo-â-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at 1.7 Å resolution, J. Mol. Biol. 284, 125-136. 18. Garcı´a-Sa´ez, P., Mercuri, S., Papamicael, C., Kahn, R., Fre`re, J. M., Galleni, M., Rossolini, G. M., and Dideberg, O. (2003) Threedimensional structure of FEZ-1, a monomeric subclass B3 metallo- â-lactamase from Fluoribacter gormanii, in native form and in complex with D-captopril, J. Mol. Biol. 325, 651-660. 19. Garau, G., Bebrone, C., Anne, C., Galleni, M., Frere, J.-M., and Dideberg, O. (2005) A metallo-â-lactamase in action: crystal structure of the monozinc carbapenemase CphA and its complex with biapenem, J. Mol. Biol. 345, 785-795. 20. Garcia-Saez, I., Hopkins, J., Papamicael, C., Franceschini, N., Amicosante, G., Rossolini, G. M., Galleni, M., Fre`re, J. M., and Dideberg, O. (2003) The 1.5-Å Structure of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum zinc â-lactamase in complex with the inhibitor, D-Captopril, J. Biol. Chem. 278, 23868-23873. 21. Fitzgerald, P. M., Wu, J. K., and Toney, J. H. (1998) Unanticipated inhibition of the metallo-â-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis by 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES): a crystallographic study at 1.85-Å resolution, Biochemistry 37, 6791-6800; Concha, N. O., Rasmussen, B. A., Bush, K., and Herzberg, O. (1997) Crystal structure of the cadmium- and mercury-substituted metallobeta- lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis, Protein Sci. 6, 2671- 2676; Toney, J. H., Fitzgerald, P. M., Grover-Sharma, N., Olson, S. H., May, W. J., Sundelof, J. G., Vanderwall, D. E., Cleary, K. A., Grant, S. K., Wu, J. K., Kozarich, J. W., Pompliano, D. L., and Hammond, G. G. (1998) Antibiotic sensitization using biphenyl tetrazoles as potent inhibitors of Bacteroides fragilis metallo-â-lactamase, Chem. Biol. 5, 185-196. 22. Carfi, A., Pares, S., Duee, E., Galleni, M., Duez, C., Fre`re, J. M., and Dideberg, O. (1995) The 3-D structure of a zinc metallo-â- lactamase from Bacillus cereus reveals a new type of protein fold, EMBO J. 14, 4914-4921. 23. Paul-Soto, R., Zeppezauer, M., Adolph, H. W., Galleni, M., Fre`re, J. M., Carfi, A., Dideberg, O., Wouter, J., Hemmingsen, L., and Bauer, R. (1999) Preference of Cd(II) and Zn(II) for the two metal sites in Bacillus cereus â-lactamase II: a perturbed angular correlation of ç-rays (PAC) spectroscopy study, Biochemistry 38, 16500-16506. 24. Toney, J. H., Hammond, G. G., Fitzgerald, P. M., Sharma, N., Balkovec, J. M., Rouen, G. P., Olson, S. H., Hammond, M. L., Greenlee, M. L., and Gao, Y. D. (2001) Succinic acids as potent inhibitors of plasmid-borne IMP-1 metallo-â-lactamase, J. Biol. Chem. 276, 31913-31918. 25. Prosperi-Meys, C., Wouters, J., Galleni, M., and Lamotte-Brasseur, J. (2001) Substrate binding and catalytic mechanism of class B â-lactamases: a molecular modelling study, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 58, 2136-2143. 26. Hemmingsen, L., Damblon, C., Antony, J., Jensen, M., Adolph, H. W., Wommer, S., Roberts, G. C. K., and Bauer, R. (2001) Dynamics of mononuclear cadmium â-lactamase revealed by the combination of NMR and PAC spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 10329-10335; Damblon, C., Prosperi, C., Lian, L. Y., Barsukov, I., Paul-Soto, R., Galleni, M., Fre`re, J. M., and Roberts, G. C. K. (1999) 1H-15N HMQC for the identification of metalbound histidines in 113Cd-substituted Bacillus cereus zinc â-lactamase, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 11575-11576. 27. Walter, M. W., Felici, A., Galleni, M., Paul-Soto, R., Adlington, R. M., Baldwin, J. E., Fre`re, J. M., Golobov, M., and Schofield, C. J. (1996) Trifluoromethyl alcohol and ketone inhibitors of metallo-â-lactamases, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 6, 2455- 2458. 28. Walter, M. W., Hernandez-Valladares, M., Adlington, R. M., Amicosante, G., Baldwin, J. E., Fre`re, J. M., Galleni, M., Rossolini, G. M., and Schofield, C. J. (1999) Hydroxamate inhibitors of Aeromonas hydrophila AE036 metallo-â-lactamase, Bioorg. Chem. 27, 35-40. 29. Arawaka, Y., Shibata, N., Shibayama, K., Kurokawa, H., Yagi, T., Fujiwara, H., and Goto, M. (2000) Convenient test for screening metallo-â-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds, J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 40-43. 30. Bounaga, S., Laws, A. P., Galleni, M., and Page, M. I. (1998) The mechanism of catalysis and the inhibition of the Bacillus cereus zinc-dependent â-lactamase, Biochem J. 331, 703-711. 31. Goto, M., Takahashi, T., Yamashita, F., Koreeda, A., Mori, H., Ohta, M., and Arakawa, Y. (1997) Inhibition of the metallo-â- lactamase produced from Serratia marcescens by thiol compounds, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 20, 1136-1140. 32. Greenlee, M. L., Laub, J. B., Balkovec, J. M., Hammond, M. L., Hammond, G. G., Pompliano, D. L., and Epstein-Toney, J. H. (1999) Synthesis and SAR of thioester and thiol inhibitors of IMP-1 metallo-â-lactamase, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 2549- 2554. 33. Mollard, C., Moali, C., Papamicael, C., Damblon, C., Vessilier, S., Amicosante, G., Schofield, C. J., Galleni, M., Fre`re, J. M., and Roberts, G. C. K. (2001) Thiomandelic acid, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of zinc â-lactamases: kinetic and spectroscopic studies, Biol. Chem. 276, 45015-45023. 34. Bounaga, S., Galleni, M., Laws, A. P., and Page, M. I (2001) Cysteinyl peptide inhibitors of Bacillus cereus zinc beta-lactamase, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 9, 503-510. 35. Hammond, G. G., Huber, J. L., Greenlee, M. L., Laub, J. B., Young, K., Silver, L. L., Balkovec, J. M., Pryor, K. D., Wu, J. K., Leiting, B., Pompliano, D. L., and Toney, J. H. (1999) Inhibition of IMP-1 metallo-â-lactamase and sensitisation of IMP- 1-producing bacteria by thioester derivatives, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 179, 289-296. 36. Payne, D. J., Bateson, J. H., Gasson, B. C., Proctor, D., Khushi, T., Farmer, T. H., Toldon, D. A., Bell, D., Skett, P. W., Marshall, A. C., Reid, R., Ghosez, L., Combret, Y., and Marchand-Brynaert, J. (1997) Inhibition of metallo-â-lactamases by a series of mercaptoacetic acid thiol ester derivatives, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 135-140; Payne, D. J., Bateson, J. H., Gasson, B. C., Khushi, T., Proctor, D., Pearson, S. C., and Reid, R. (1997) Inhibition of metallo-â-lactamases by a series of thiol ester derivatives of mercapto-phenylacetic acid, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 157, 171-175. 37. Toney, J. H., Fitzgerald, P. M., Grover-Sharma, N., Olson, S. H., May, W. J., Sundelof, J. G., Vanderwall, D. E., Cleary, K. A., Grant, S. K., Wu, J. K., Kozarich, J. W., Pompliano, D. L., and Hammond, G. G. (1998) Antibiotic sensitization using biphenyl tetrazoles as potent inhibitors of Bacteroides fragilis metallo-â- lactamase, Chem. Biol. 5, 185-196; Toney, J. H., Cleary, K. A., Hammond, G. G., Yuan, X., May, W. J., Hutchins, S. M., Ashton, W. T., and Vanderwall, D. E. (1999) Structure-activity relationships of biphenyl tetrazoles as metallo-â-lactamase inhibitors, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 2741-2746. 38. Payne, D. J., Hueso-Rodrı´guez, J. A., Boyd, H., Concha, N. O., Janson, C. A., Gilpin, M., Bateson, J. H., Cheever, C., Niconovich, N. L., Pearson, S., Rittenhouse, S., Tew, D., Dı´ez, E., Pe´rez, P., De La Fuente, J., Rees, M., and Rivera-Sagredo, A. (2002) Identification of a series of tricyclic natural products as potent broad-spectrum inhibitors of metallo-â-lactamases, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 1880-1886. 39. Siemann, S., Evanoff, D. P., Marrone, L., Clarke, A. J., Viswantha, T., and Dimitrenko, G. I. (2002) N-arylsulfonyl hydrazones as inhibitors of IMP-1 metallo-â-lactamase, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 2450-2457. 40. Wang, Z., and Benkovic, S. J. (1998) Purification, characterization, and kinetic studies of a soluble Bacteroides fragilis metallo-â-lactamase that provides multiple antibiotic resistance, J. Biol. Chem. 273, 22402-22408. 41. Davies, A., M., and Page, M. I. (1985) Opening of the thiazolidine ring of penicillin derivatives, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1702-1704. 42. Pratt, R. F., and Faraci, W. S. (1986) Direct observation by 1H NMR of cephalosporoate intermediates in aqueous solution during the hydrazinolysis and â-lactamase-catalyzed hydrolysis of cephalosporins with 3¢ leaving groups: kinetics and equilibria of the 3¢ elimination reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 5328-5333; Bundgaard, H. (1977) Isolation and characterization of cephalexin degradation products formed in neutral aqueous solution, Arch. Pharm. Chemi, Sci. Ed. 5, 149-155. Vilanova, B., Frau, J., Donoso, J., Munoz, F., and Garcia Blanco, F. G. (1997) â-Lactamase- catalysed hydrolysis of cephalexin: evolution of the cephalosporoate intermediate, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 2439-2444. 43. Morrison, J. F., and Walsh, C., T. (1988) The behavior and significance of slow-binding enzyme inhibitors, AdV. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 61, 201-301. 44. Ellman, G. L. (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl groups, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82, 70-77; Riddles, P. W., Blakeley, R. L., and Zerner, B. (1979) Ellman’s reagent: 5,5¢-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)s a reexamination, Anal. Biochem. 94, 75-81. 45. Bundgaard, H. (1976) Hydrolysis and intramolecular aminolysis of cephalexin and cephaloglycin in aqueous solution, Arch. Pharm. Chemi, Sci. Ed. 4, 25-43. 46. Dinner, A. (1977) Cephalosporin degradations, J. Med. Chem. 20, 963-965. 47. Vilanova, B., Munoz, F., Donoso, J., and Garcia Blanco, F. (1993) Degradation of cephaloridine on alkaline hydrolysis, HelV. Chim. Acta 76, 1619-1625. 48. Page, M. I. (1987) The mechanisms of reactions of â-lactam antibiotics, AdV. Phys. Org. Chem. 23, 165-270. 49. Pelton, J. G., Torchia, D. A., Meadow, N. D., and Roseman, S. (1993) Tautomeric states of the active-site histidines of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated III(Glc), a signal-transducing protein from Escherichia coli, using two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR techniques, Protein Sci. 2, 543-558. 50. Damblon, C., Jensen, M., Ababou, A., Barsukov, I., Papamicael, C., Schofield, C. J., Olsen, L., Bauer, R., and Roberts, G. C. (2003) The inhibitor thiomandelic acid binds to both metal ions in metallo-beta-lactamase and induces positive cooperativity in metal binding, J. Biol. Chem. 278, 29240-29251. 51. Siemann, S., Clarke, A. J., Viswanatha, T., and Dmitrienko, G. I. (2003) Thiols as classical and slow-binding inhibitors of IMP-1 and other binuclear metallo-â-lactamases, Biochemistry 42, 1673- 1683. 52. Ghebre-Sellassie, I., Hem, S. L., and Knevel, A. M. (1984) Epimerization of benzylpenicilloic acid in alkaline media, J. Pharm. Sci. 73, 125-128. BI050302J |